{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:badrinath:1997-12-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/badrinath/1997-12-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1997-12-31","date_display":"December 31, 1997 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450813.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862348.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.3305,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":270.8782,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":2,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":15.5477,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.5477},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":270.8782,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.2115},"yoga":{"number":13,"name":"Vyāghāta","sum_longitude":166.2087},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":2,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1997,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450813.770833,"ahargana":1862348.2708,"kali_year":5099,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.825,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.56864900000005,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":272.681649,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.5901},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":286.20534900000007,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":234.03424900000005,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":298.213249,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":279.7614490000001,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":349.870749,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":143.8264,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":323.8264,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450813.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862348.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.3305,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":270.8782,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":2,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":15.5477,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.5477},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":270.8782,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.2115},"yoga":{"number":13,"name":"Vyāghāta","sum_longitude":166.2087},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":2,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.59,"elongation":15.548},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.59,"opposition_distance":164.452}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"badrinath","name":"Badarīnāth","lat":30.7433,"lon":79.4938,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha","elevation_m":3133},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"badrinath","name":"Badarīnāth","lat":30.7433,"lon":79.4938,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttarakhand","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha","elevation_m":3133},"sunriseLocal":"07:10","sunsetLocal":"17:21","solarNoonLocal":"12:15","dayLengthHours":10.185018061245305,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 11 Mins 06 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 48 Mins 54 Secs","moonriseLocal":"08:13","moonsetLocal":"18:34","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:15","end":"13:32","startHours":12.254683915396754,"endHours":13.527811173052417,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:26","end":"09:43","startHours":8.435302142429766,"endHours":9.708429400085429,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"10:59","end":"12:15","startHours":10.981556657741091,"endHours":12.254683915396754,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:32","end":"09:53","startHours":9.538679099064673,"endHours":9.878179701106184,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:35","end":"07:51","startHours":7.58655063732599,"endHours":7.858151118959198,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:55","end":"12:36","startHours":11.915183313355245,"endHours":12.594184517438267,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:48","end":"06:29","startHours":5.804172476608062,"endHours":6.483173680691082,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:19","end":"07:10","startHours":6.3134233796703265,"endHours":7.162174884774102,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:57","end":"14:38","startHours":13.952186925604305,"endHours":14.631188129687326,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:09","end":"17:33","startHours":17.14719294601941,"endHours":17.547192946019408,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:21","end":"17:46","startHours":17.34719294601941,"endHours":17.771568698571297,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:06","end":"18:51","startHours":17.09719294601941,"endHours":18.84719294601941,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:55","end":"00:36","startHours":23.915183313355243,"endHours":24.594184517438265,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"07:10","end":"08:26","startHours":7.162174884774102,"endHours":8.435302142429766,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"08:26","end":"09:43","startHours":8.435302142429766,"endHours":9.708429400085429,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:43","end":"10:59","startHours":9.708429400085429,"endHours":10.981556657741091,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"10:59","end":"12:15","startHours":10.981556657741091,"endHours":12.254683915396754,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:15","end":"13:32","startHours":12.254683915396754,"endHours":13.527811173052417,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"13:32","end":"14:48","startHours":13.527811173052417,"endHours":14.800938430708081,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"14:48","end":"16:04","startHours":14.800938430708081,"endHours":16.074065688363746,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"16:04","end":"17:21","startHours":16.074065688363746,"endHours":17.34719294601941,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:21","end":"19:04","startHours":17.34719294601941,"endHours":19.074065688363746,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"19:04","end":"20:48","startHours":19.074065688363746,"endHours":20.800938430708083,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"20:48","end":"22:32","startHours":20.800938430708083,"endHours":22.52781117305242,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"22:32","end":"00:15","startHours":22.52781117305242,"endHours":24.254683915396754,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:15","end":"01:59","startHours":24.254683915396754,"endHours":25.981556657741095,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"01:59","end":"03:43","startHours":25.981556657741095,"endHours":27.70842940008543,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:43","end":"05:26","startHours":27.70842940008543,"endHours":29.435302142429766,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:26","end":"07:10","startHours":29.435302142429766,"endHours":31.162174884774103,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:10","end":"08:10","startHours":7.162174884774102,"endHours":8.162174884774103,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:10","end":"09:10","startHours":8.162174884774103,"endHours":9.162174884774103,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:10","end":"10:10","startHours":9.162174884774103,"endHours":10.162174884774103,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:10","end":"11:10","startHours":10.162174884774103,"endHours":11.162174884774103,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:10","end":"12:10","startHours":11.162174884774103,"endHours":12.162174884774103,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:10","end":"13:10","startHours":12.162174884774103,"endHours":13.162174884774103,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:10","end":"14:10","startHours":13.162174884774103,"endHours":14.162174884774103,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:10","end":"15:10","startHours":14.162174884774103,"endHours":15.162174884774103,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:10","end":"16:10","startHours":15.162174884774103,"endHours":16.162174884774103,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:10","end":"17:10","startHours":16.162174884774103,"endHours":17.162174884774103,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:10","end":"18:10","startHours":17.162174884774103,"endHours":18.162174884774103,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:10","end":"19:10","startHours":18.162174884774103,"endHours":19.162174884774103,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:10","end":"20:10","startHours":19.162174884774103,"endHours":20.162174884774103,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:10","end":"21:10","startHours":20.162174884774103,"endHours":21.162174884774103,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:10","end":"22:10","startHours":21.162174884774103,"endHours":22.162174884774103,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:10","end":"23:10","startHours":22.162174884774103,"endHours":23.162174884774103,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:10","end":"00:10","startHours":23.162174884774103,"endHours":24.162174884774103,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:10","end":"01:10","startHours":24.162174884774103,"endHours":25.162174884774103,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:10","end":"02:10","startHours":25.162174884774103,"endHours":26.162174884774103,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:10","end":"03:10","startHours":26.162174884774103,"endHours":27.162174884774103,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:10","end":"04:10","startHours":27.162174884774103,"endHours":28.162174884774103,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:10","end":"05:10","startHours":28.162174884774103,"endHours":29.162174884774103,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:10","end":"06:10","startHours":29.162174884774103,"endHours":30.162174884774103,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:10","end":"07:10","startHours":30.162174884774103,"endHours":31.162174884774103,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Saumya","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-23.10385304044269,"eotMinutes":-3.2562349238053434,"ayanamsa":23.825}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2054,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vikṛti","saka_samvat":1919,"saka_samvatsara":"Īśvara","bengali_samvat":1404,"malayalam_era":1173,"nanakshahi_year":528,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_amanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Śukla Dvitīyā · Vikram 2054 Vikṛti · Śaka 1919 Īśvara"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"badrinath"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 31, 1997 CE · Badarīnāth · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 31, 1997 CE for Badarīnāth: Śukla Dvitīyā, sūryodaya 07:10, sūryāsta 17:21.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/badrinath/1997-12-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/badrinath/1997-12-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/badrinath/1997-12-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/badrinath/1997-12-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/badrinath/1997-12-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-09-11T14:38:35.080Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-09-11T14:38:35.080Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-09-11T14:38:35.080Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}