{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2023-03-08:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2023-03-08","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2023-03-08","date_display":"March 8, 2023 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":3,"day":8,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460011.770833,"kali_year":5124,"ahargana":1871546.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":323.1402,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":149.2521,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":16,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pratipada","elongation_degrees":186.1119,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.1119},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":149.2521,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.5855},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":112.3923},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":31,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2023,"month":3,"day":8,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460011.770833,"ahargana":1871546.2708,"kali_year":5124,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1768,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":323.025717,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":148.770417,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.3013},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":57.55181700000003,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":314.38411700000006,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":349.312417,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":354.728017,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":305.96061699999996,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":16.4721,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":196.4721,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":3,"day":8,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460011.770833,"kali_year":5124,"ahargana":1871546.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":323.1402,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":149.2521,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":16,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pratipada","elongation_degrees":186.1119,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.1119},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":149.2521,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.5855},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":112.3923},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":31,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.301,"elongation":173.888},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.301,"opposition_distance":6.112}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:53","sunsetLocal":"17:44","solarNoonLocal":"11:48","dayLengthHours":11.839562073720028,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 50 Mins 22 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 09 Mins 38 Secs","moonriseLocal":"18:04","moonsetLocal":"06:19","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"11:48","end":"13:17","startHours":11.807920256924682,"endHours":13.287865516139686,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"07:22","end":"08:51","startHours":7.36808447927967,"endHours":8.848029738494674,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"10:20","end":"11:48","startHours":10.327974997709678,"endHours":11.807920256924682,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:39","end":"09:03","startHours":8.650703703932674,"endHours":9.045355773056674,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:23","end":"06:42","startHours":6.381454306469668,"endHours":6.697175961768869,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:25","end":"12:12","startHours":11.413268187800679,"endHours":12.202572326048681,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:19","end":"05:06","startHours":4.309530943568663,"endHours":5.098835081816665,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:54","end":"05:53","startHours":4.901509047254664,"endHours":5.888139220064667,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:47","end":"14:34","startHours":13.781180602544685,"endHours":14.570484740792686,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:32","end":"17:56","startHours":17.527701293784695,"endHours":17.927701293784693,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:44","end":"18:13","startHours":17.727701293784694,"endHours":18.221016380189695,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:29","end":"19:14","startHours":17.477701293784694,"endHours":19.227701293784694,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:25","end":"00:12","startHours":23.413268187800682,"endHours":24.20257232604868,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"05:53","end":"07:22","startHours":5.888139220064667,"endHours":7.36808447927967,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"07:22","end":"08:51","startHours":7.36808447927967,"endHours":8.848029738494674,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"08:51","end":"10:20","startHours":8.848029738494674,"endHours":10.327974997709678,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"10:20","end":"11:48","startHours":10.327974997709678,"endHours":11.807920256924682,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"11:48","end":"13:17","startHours":11.807920256924682,"endHours":13.287865516139686,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"13:17","end":"14:46","startHours":13.287865516139686,"endHours":14.767810775354686,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"14:46","end":"16:15","startHours":14.767810775354686,"endHours":16.24775603456969,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"16:15","end":"17:44","startHours":16.24775603456969,"endHours":17.727701293784694,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:44","end":"19:15","startHours":17.727701293784694,"endHours":19.24775603456969,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"19:15","end":"20:46","startHours":19.24775603456969,"endHours":20.767810775354686,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"20:46","end":"22:17","startHours":20.767810775354686,"endHours":22.287865516139682,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"22:17","end":"23:48","startHours":22.287865516139682,"endHours":23.80792025692468,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"23:48","end":"01:20","startHours":23.80792025692468,"endHours":25.327974997709674,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"01:20","end":"02:51","startHours":25.327974997709674,"endHours":26.848029738494674,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"02:51","end":"04:22","startHours":26.848029738494674,"endHours":28.36808447927967,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"04:22","end":"05:53","startHours":28.36808447927967,"endHours":29.888139220064666,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:53","end":"06:53","startHours":5.888139220064667,"endHours":6.888139220064667,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:53","end":"07:53","startHours":6.888139220064667,"endHours":7.888139220064667,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:53","end":"08:53","startHours":7.888139220064667,"endHours":8.888139220064666,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:53","end":"09:53","startHours":8.888139220064666,"endHours":9.888139220064666,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:53","end":"10:53","startHours":9.888139220064666,"endHours":10.888139220064666,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:53","end":"11:53","startHours":10.888139220064666,"endHours":11.888139220064666,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:53","end":"12:53","startHours":11.888139220064666,"endHours":12.888139220064666,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:53","end":"13:53","startHours":12.888139220064666,"endHours":13.888139220064666,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:53","end":"14:53","startHours":13.888139220064666,"endHours":14.888139220064666,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:53","end":"15:53","startHours":14.888139220064666,"endHours":15.888139220064666,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:53","end":"16:53","startHours":15.888139220064666,"endHours":16.888139220064666,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:53","end":"17:53","startHours":16.888139220064666,"endHours":17.888139220064666,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:53","end":"18:53","startHours":17.888139220064666,"endHours":18.888139220064666,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:53","end":"19:53","startHours":18.888139220064666,"endHours":19.888139220064666,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:53","end":"20:53","startHours":19.888139220064666,"endHours":20.888139220064666,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:53","end":"21:53","startHours":20.888139220064666,"endHours":21.888139220064666,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:53","end":"22:53","startHours":21.888139220064666,"endHours":22.888139220064666,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:53","end":"23:53","startHours":22.888139220064666,"endHours":23.888139220064666,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:53","end":"00:53","startHours":23.888139220064666,"endHours":24.888139220064666,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:53","end":"01:53","startHours":24.888139220064666,"endHours":25.888139220064666,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:53","end":"02:53","startHours":25.888139220064666,"endHours":26.888139220064666,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:53","end":"03:53","startHours":26.888139220064666,"endHours":27.888139220064666,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:53","end":"04:53","startHours":27.888139220064666,"endHours":28.888139220064666,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:53","end":"05:53","startHours":28.888139220064666,"endHours":29.888139220064666,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"West","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mātaṇga","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-5.054310357249095,"eotMinutes":-11.52961541548083,"ayanamsa":24.1768}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2080,"vikram_samvatsara":"Nala","saka_samvat":1945,"saka_samvatsara":"Śobhana","bengali_samvat":1430,"malayalam_era":1199,"nanakshahi_year":554,"lunar_month":"Caitra","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Caitra Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Caitra","lunar_month_amanta":"Phālguna","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Kumbha (Māsi)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Caitra Kṛṣṇa Pratipada · Vikram 2080 Nala · Śaka 1945 Śobhana"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga March 8, 2023 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"March 8, 2023 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Pratipada, sūryodaya 05:53, sūryāsta 17:44.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2023-03-08","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2023-03-08","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2023-03-08","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2023-03-08","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2023-03-08"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-09-11T15:38:12.242Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-09-11T15:38:12.242Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-09-11T15:38:12.242Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}