{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2023-05-05:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2023-05-05","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2023-05-05","date_display":"May 5, 2023 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":5,"day":5,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460069.770833,"kali_year":5125,"ahargana":1871604.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":20.1226,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":190.6975,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":15,"name":"Pūrṇimā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pūrṇimā","elongation_degrees":170.5749,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.5749},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":190.6975,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.0308},"yoga":{"number":16,"name":"Siddhi","sum_longitude":210.8201},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":28,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2023,"month":5,"day":5,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460069.770833,"ahargana":1871604.2708,"kali_year":5125,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.179,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":20.13420100000002,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":191.56510100000003,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":0.2119},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":86.73020099999997,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":15.008200999999985,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":3.13590099999999,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":62.71200099999999,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":311.587801,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":13.3989,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":193.3989,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":5,"day":5,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460069.770833,"kali_year":5125,"ahargana":1871604.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":20.1226,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":190.6975,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":15,"name":"Pūrṇimā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pūrṇimā","elongation_degrees":170.5749,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.5749},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":190.6975,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.0308},"yoga":{"number":16,"name":"Siddhi","sum_longitude":210.8201},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":28,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.212,"elongation":170.575},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.212,"opposition_distance":9.425}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-15,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-0.673,"elongation":0.011},{"offset_days":1,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-0.836,"opposition_distance":2.976}]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:02","sunsetLocal":"18:05","solarNoonLocal":"11:34","dayLengthHours":13.048092613639875,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 02 Mins 53 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 57 Mins 07 Secs","moonriseLocal":"17:20","moonsetLocal":"04:39","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:56","end":"11:34","startHours":9.928871360053972,"endHours":11.559882936758957,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"14:49","end":"16:27","startHours":14.821906090168925,"endHours":16.45291766687391,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"06:40","end":"08:18","startHours":6.666848206644002,"endHours":8.297859783348986,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:05","end":"08:31","startHours":8.080391573121656,"endHours":8.515327993576317,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:35","end":"05:56","startHours":5.579507155507346,"endHours":5.927456291871076,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:07","end":"12:00","startHours":11.124946516304295,"endHours":11.994819357213618,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:18","end":"04:10","startHours":3.296090948120368,"endHours":4.165963789029693,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"03:57","end":"05:02","startHours":3.948495578802362,"endHours":5.035836629939018,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:44","end":"14:36","startHours":13.734565039032269,"endHours":14.604437879941594,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:53","end":"18:17","startHours":17.883929243578894,"endHours":18.283929243578893,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:05","end":"18:38","startHours":18.083929243578893,"endHours":18.62759976914722,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:50","end":"19:35","startHours":17.833929243578893,"endHours":19.583929243578893,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:07","end":"00:00","startHours":23.124946516304295,"endHours":23.99481935721362,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"05:02","end":"06:40","startHours":5.035836629939018,"endHours":6.666848206644002,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"06:40","end":"08:18","startHours":6.666848206644002,"endHours":8.297859783348986,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"08:18","end":"09:56","startHours":8.297859783348986,"endHours":9.928871360053972,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:56","end":"11:34","startHours":9.928871360053972,"endHours":11.559882936758957,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"11:34","end":"13:11","startHours":11.559882936758957,"endHours":13.19089451346394,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"13:11","end":"14:49","startHours":13.19089451346394,"endHours":14.821906090168925,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"14:49","end":"16:27","startHours":14.821906090168925,"endHours":16.45291766687391,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"16:27","end":"18:05","startHours":16.45291766687391,"endHours":18.083929243578893,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"18:05","end":"19:27","startHours":18.083929243578893,"endHours":19.45291766687391,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"19:27","end":"20:49","startHours":19.45291766687391,"endHours":20.821906090168923,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"20:49","end":"22:11","startHours":20.821906090168923,"endHours":22.190894513463938,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"22:11","end":"23:34","startHours":22.190894513463938,"endHours":23.559882936758957,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"23:34","end":"00:56","startHours":23.559882936758957,"endHours":24.92887136005397,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:56","end":"02:18","startHours":24.92887136005397,"endHours":26.297859783348986,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"02:18","end":"03:40","startHours":26.297859783348986,"endHours":27.666848206644005,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:40","end":"05:02","startHours":27.666848206644005,"endHours":29.03583662993902,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:02","end":"06:02","startHours":5.035836629939018,"endHours":6.035836629939018,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:02","end":"07:02","startHours":6.035836629939018,"endHours":7.035836629939018,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:02","end":"08:02","startHours":7.035836629939018,"endHours":8.035836629939018,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:02","end":"09:02","startHours":8.035836629939018,"endHours":9.035836629939018,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:02","end":"10:02","startHours":9.035836629939018,"endHours":10.035836629939018,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:02","end":"11:02","startHours":10.035836629939018,"endHours":11.035836629939018,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:02","end":"12:02","startHours":11.035836629939018,"endHours":12.035836629939018,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:02","end":"13:02","startHours":12.035836629939018,"endHours":13.035836629939018,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:02","end":"14:02","startHours":13.035836629939018,"endHours":14.035836629939018,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:02","end":"15:02","startHours":14.035836629939018,"endHours":15.035836629939018,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:02","end":"16:02","startHours":15.035836629939018,"endHours":16.03583662993902,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:02","end":"17:02","startHours":16.03583662993902,"endHours":17.03583662993902,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:02","end":"18:02","startHours":17.03583662993902,"endHours":18.03583662993902,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:02","end":"19:02","startHours":18.03583662993902,"endHours":19.03583662993902,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:02","end":"20:02","startHours":19.03583662993902,"endHours":20.03583662993902,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:02","end":"21:02","startHours":20.03583662993902,"endHours":21.03583662993902,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:02","end":"22:02","startHours":21.03583662993902,"endHours":22.03583662993902,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:02","end":"23:02","startHours":22.03583662993902,"endHours":23.03583662993902,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:02","end":"00:02","startHours":23.03583662993902,"endHours":24.03583662993902,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:02","end":"01:02","startHours":24.03583662993902,"endHours":25.03583662993902,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:02","end":"02:02","startHours":25.03583662993902,"endHours":26.03583662993902,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:02","end":"03:02","startHours":26.03583662993902,"endHours":27.03583662993902,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:02","end":"04:02","startHours":27.03583662993902,"endHours":28.03583662993902,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:02","end":"05:02","startHours":28.03583662993902,"endHours":29.03583662993902,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"North","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhvaja","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":16.131808976097833,"eotMinutes":3.3526237944626183,"ayanamsa":24.179}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2080,"vikram_samvatsara":"Nala","saka_samvat":1945,"saka_samvatsara":"Śobhana","bengali_samvat":1430,"malayalam_era":1199,"nanakshahi_year":554,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_amanta":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Śukla Pūrṇimā · Vikram 2080 Nala · Śaka 1945 Śobhana"},"festivals":[{"id":"buddha-purnima","name":"Buddha Pūrṇimā","name_sanskrit":"बुद्ध पूर्णिमा","name_alternates":["Vesak","Vaiśākhī Pūrṇimā","Vesakha"],"tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Buddha (21st avatāra of Krishna per Bhāgavata 1.3.24)","deity_avatara_index":21,"significance":"Buddha's birth, enlightenment, and mahāparinirvāṇa all on this Vaiśākha Pūrṇimā. Most sacred Buddhist + Vaishnava day.","vrata":true,"primary_observance":"Day-long observance of compassion (karuṇā) and ahiṁsā; Buddha-stuti at sunset","detection":{"tithi_number":15,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Vaiśākha"},"precedence":1,"related_chart":"buddha","sources":["Bhāgavata Purāṇa 1.3.24","Pāli Tipiṭaka","Buddhacarita by Aśvaghoṣa"]},{"id":"kurma-jayanti","name":"Kūrma Jayantī","name_sanskrit":"कूर्म जयन्ती","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Kūrma (2nd avatāra of Krishna)","deity_avatara_index":11,"significance":"Kūrma supports Mount Mandara during the Sāgara-mathana (churning of the cosmic ocean).","vrata":false,"detection":{"tithi_number":15,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Vaiśākha"},"precedence":4,"sources":["Bhāgavata 8.7-8"]},{"id":"chandika-jayanti","name":"Chaṇḍikā Jayantī","name_sanskrit":"चण्डिका जयन्ती","tradition":"Shakta","associated_deity":"Devī Chaṇḍikā","significance":"Devī's fierce protective form. Often coincides with Buddha Pūrṇimā.","vrata":false,"detection":{"tithi_number":15,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Vaiśākha"},"precedence":5},{"id":"chitra-paurnami","name":"Citrā Paurṇamī","name_sanskrit":"चित्रा पौर्णमी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Tamil regional Vaiśākha Pūrṇimā observance; honors Citragupta.","vrata":false,"detection":{"tithi_number":15,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Vaiśākha"},"precedence":6},{"id":"vaishakha-purnima-vrat","name":"Vaiśākha Pūrṇimā Vrat","name_sanskrit":"वैशाख पूर्णिमा व्रत","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"General Pūrṇimā vrat in Vaiśākha (highly auspicious month).","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":15,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Vaiśākha"},"precedence":7}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"buddha-purnima-walk","name":"Buddha Pūrṇimā Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुद्ध पूर्णिमा यात्रा","type":"festival","description":"Bhāgavata 1.3.24 (Buddha as 21st avatāra) + BG 12.13 (compassion) + Dhammapada parallels.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/buddha-purnima-walk"},"reason":"Today is Buddha Pūrṇimā — its dedicated walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga May 5, 2023 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"May 5, 2023 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Śukla Pūrṇimā, sūryodaya 05:02, sūryāsta 18:05.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2023-05-05","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2023-05-05","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2023-05-05","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2023-05-05","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2023-05-05"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-09-11T12:00:25.344Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-09-11T12:00:25.344Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-09-11T12:00:25.344Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}