{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2023-08-05:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2023-08-05","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2023-08-05","date_display":"August 5, 2023 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":8,"day":5,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460161.770833,"kali_year":5125,"ahargana":1871696.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":107.6065,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":331.0106,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":19,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturthī","elongation_degrees":223.4041,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.4041},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":331.0106,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.0106},"yoga":{"number":6,"name":"Atigaṇḍa","sum_longitude":78.6171},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":37,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2023,"month":8,"day":5,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460161.770833,"ahargana":1871696.2708,"kali_year":5125,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1826,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":108.219086,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":334.32098599999995,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-2.7385},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":141.24868600000002,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":134.75908600000002,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":19.92558600000001,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":120.73528599999997,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":311.34538599999996,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":8.5243,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":188.5243,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":8,"day":5,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460161.770833,"kali_year":5125,"ahargana":1871696.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":107.6065,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":331.0106,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":19,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturthī","elongation_degrees":223.4041,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.4041},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":331.0106,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.0106},"yoga":{"number":6,"name":"Atigaṇḍa","sum_longitude":78.6171},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":37,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.739,"elongation":136.596},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.739,"opposition_distance":43.404}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:09","sunsetLocal":"18:16","solarNoonLocal":"11:43","dayLengthHours":13.106563486563154,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 06 Mins 24 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 53 Mins 36 Secs","moonriseLocal":"20:46","moonsetLocal":"08:49","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"08:26","end":"10:04","startHours":8.434091198061772,"endHours":10.072411633882167,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:21","end":"14:59","startHours":13.349052505522955,"endHours":14.987372941343349,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"05:09","end":"06:48","startHours":5.157450326420984,"endHours":6.7957707622413785,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:13","end":"08:39","startHours":8.21564847328572,"endHours":8.652533922837826,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:42","end":"06:03","startHours":5.703557138361115,"endHours":6.0530654980028,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:16","end":"12:09","startHours":11.273846620150456,"endHours":12.147617519254668,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:25","end":"04:17","startHours":3.409908528212564,"endHours":4.283679427316774,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:04","end":"05:09","startHours":4.065236702540721,"endHours":5.157450326420984,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:54","end":"14:46","startHours":13.895159317463087,"endHours":14.768930216567297,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:04","end":"18:28","startHours":18.06401381298414,"endHours":18.46401381298414,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:16","end":"18:49","startHours":18.26401381298414,"endHours":18.81012062492427,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:01","end":"19:46","startHours":18.01401381298414,"endHours":19.76401381298414,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:16","end":"00:09","startHours":23.273846620150458,"endHours":24.147617519254666,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"05:09","end":"06:48","startHours":5.157450326420984,"endHours":6.7957707622413785,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"06:48","end":"08:26","startHours":6.7957707622413785,"endHours":8.434091198061772,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:26","end":"10:04","startHours":8.434091198061772,"endHours":10.072411633882167,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:04","end":"11:43","startHours":10.072411633882167,"endHours":11.710732069702562,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"11:43","end":"13:21","startHours":11.710732069702562,"endHours":13.349052505522955,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:21","end":"14:59","startHours":13.349052505522955,"endHours":14.987372941343349,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"14:59","end":"16:38","startHours":14.987372941343349,"endHours":16.625693377163746,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:38","end":"18:16","startHours":16.625693377163746,"endHours":18.26401381298414,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"18:16","end":"19:38","startHours":18.26401381298414,"endHours":19.625693377163746,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:38","end":"20:59","startHours":19.625693377163746,"endHours":20.987372941343352,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"20:59","end":"22:21","startHours":20.987372941343352,"endHours":22.349052505522955,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:21","end":"23:43","startHours":22.349052505522955,"endHours":23.710732069702562,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"23:43","end":"01:04","startHours":23.710732069702562,"endHours":25.07241163388217,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:04","end":"02:26","startHours":25.07241163388217,"endHours":26.434091198061772,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"02:26","end":"03:48","startHours":26.434091198061772,"endHours":27.79577076224138,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:48","end":"05:09","startHours":27.79577076224138,"endHours":29.157450326420985,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:09","end":"06:09","startHours":5.157450326420984,"endHours":6.157450326420984,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:09","end":"07:09","startHours":6.157450326420984,"endHours":7.157450326420984,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:09","end":"08:09","startHours":7.157450326420984,"endHours":8.157450326420985,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:09","end":"09:09","startHours":8.157450326420985,"endHours":9.157450326420985,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:09","end":"10:09","startHours":9.157450326420985,"endHours":10.157450326420985,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:09","end":"11:09","startHours":10.157450326420985,"endHours":11.157450326420985,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:09","end":"12:09","startHours":11.157450326420985,"endHours":12.157450326420985,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:09","end":"13:09","startHours":12.157450326420985,"endHours":13.157450326420985,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:09","end":"14:09","startHours":13.157450326420985,"endHours":14.157450326420985,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:09","end":"15:09","startHours":14.157450326420985,"endHours":15.157450326420985,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:09","end":"16:09","startHours":15.157450326420985,"endHours":16.157450326420985,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:09","end":"17:09","startHours":16.157450326420985,"endHours":17.157450326420985,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:09","end":"18:09","startHours":17.157450326420985,"endHours":18.157450326420985,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:09","end":"19:09","startHours":18.157450326420985,"endHours":19.157450326420985,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:09","end":"20:09","startHours":19.157450326420985,"endHours":20.157450326420985,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:09","end":"21:09","startHours":20.157450326420985,"endHours":21.157450326420985,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:09","end":"22:09","startHours":21.157450326420985,"endHours":22.157450326420985,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:09","end":"23:09","startHours":22.157450326420985,"endHours":23.157450326420985,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:09","end":"00:09","startHours":23.157450326420985,"endHours":24.157450326420985,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:09","end":"01:09","startHours":24.157450326420985,"endHours":25.157450326420985,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:09","end":"02:09","startHours":25.157450326420985,"endHours":26.157450326420985,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:09","end":"03:09","startHours":26.157450326420985,"endHours":27.157450326420985,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:09","end":"04:09","startHours":27.157450326420985,"endHours":28.157450326420985,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:09","end":"05:09","startHours":28.157450326420985,"endHours":29.157450326420985,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Amṛta","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":17.079586146345306,"eotMinutes":-5.698324182153711,"ayanamsa":24.1826}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2080,"vikram_samvatsara":"Nala","saka_samvat":1945,"saka_samvatsara":"Śobhana","bengali_samvat":1430,"malayalam_era":1199,"nanakshahi_year":554,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa (Adhika) Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_amanta":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_is_adhika":true,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":true,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":true,"solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa (Adhika) Kṛṣṇa Caturthī · Vikram 2080 Nala · Śaka 1945 Śobhana"},"festivals":[{"id":"sankashti-chaturthi","name":"Saṅkaṣṭī Caturthī","name_sanskrit":"सङ्कष्टी चतुर्थी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Gaṇeśa","significance":"Monthly Gaṇeśa vrata.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":19,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa"},"precedence":6}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Dedicated festival walk for Saṅkaṣṭī Caturthī is not live yet; Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga August 5, 2023 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"August 5, 2023 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Caturthī, sūryodaya 05:09, sūryāsta 18:16.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2023-08-05","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2023-08-05","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2023-08-05","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2023-08-05","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2023-08-05"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-09-11T16:13:42.281Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-09-11T16:13:42.281Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-09-11T16:13:42.281Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}