{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2028-12-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2028-12-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2028-12-01","date_display":"December 1, 2028 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":12,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2462106.770833,"kali_year":5130,"ahargana":1873641.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":224.5382,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":31.5658,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":14,"name":"Caturdaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturdaśī","elongation_degrees":167.0276,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.0276},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":31.5658,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.8991},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":256.104},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":27,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2028,"month":12,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2462106.770833,"ahargana":1873641.2708,"kali_year":5130,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2569,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":225.10787300000004,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":33.04517299999998,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.6348},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":145.79747299999997,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":230.789673,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":176.06397300000003,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":197.77137300000004,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":11.233373000000029,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":265.4689,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":85.4689,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":12,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2462106.770833,"kali_year":5130,"ahargana":1873641.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":224.5382,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":31.5658,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":14,"name":"Caturdaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturdaśī","elongation_degrees":167.0276,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.0276},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":31.5658,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.8991},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":256.104},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":27,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.635,"elongation":167.028},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.635,"opposition_distance":12.972}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:01","sunsetLocal":"16:52","solarNoonLocal":"11:27","dayLengthHours":10.85026427754289,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 51 Mins 01 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 08 Mins 59 Secs","moonriseLocal":"16:02","moonsetLocal":"05:15","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"10:05","end":"11:27","startHours":10.09062612196713,"endHours":11.446909156659991,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"14:10","end":"15:31","startHours":14.159475226045714,"endHours":15.515758260738576,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"07:23","end":"08:44","startHours":7.378060052581409,"endHours":8.73434308727427,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:33","end":"08:55","startHours":8.553505349315222,"endHours":8.915180825233318,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:28","end":"06:46","startHours":6.473871362786168,"endHours":6.763211743520645,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:05","end":"11:49","startHours":11.085233680741895,"endHours":11.808584632578087,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:35","end":"05:18","startHours":4.575075114216163,"endHours":5.298426066052355,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:07","end":"06:01","startHours":5.117588328093307,"endHours":6.021777017888548,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:15","end":"13:59","startHours":13.255286536250473,"endHours":13.978637488086665,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"16:40","end":"17:04","startHours":16.672041295431438,"endHours":17.072041295431436,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"16:52","end":"17:19","startHours":16.872041295431437,"endHours":17.324135640329057,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"16:37","end":"18:22","startHours":16.622041295431437,"endHours":18.372041295431437,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:05","end":"23:49","startHours":23.085233680741894,"endHours":23.80858463257809,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"06:01","end":"07:23","startHours":6.021777017888548,"endHours":7.378060052581409,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"07:23","end":"08:44","startHours":7.378060052581409,"endHours":8.73434308727427,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"08:44","end":"10:05","startHours":8.73434308727427,"endHours":10.09062612196713,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"10:05","end":"11:27","startHours":10.09062612196713,"endHours":11.446909156659991,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"11:27","end":"12:48","startHours":11.446909156659991,"endHours":12.803192191352853,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:48","end":"14:10","startHours":12.803192191352853,"endHours":14.159475226045714,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"14:10","end":"15:31","startHours":14.159475226045714,"endHours":15.515758260738576,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:31","end":"16:52","startHours":15.515758260738576,"endHours":16.872041295431437,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"16:52","end":"18:31","startHours":16.872041295431437,"endHours":18.515758260738576,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"18:31","end":"20:10","startHours":18.515758260738576,"endHours":20.159475226045714,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"20:10","end":"21:48","startHours":20.159475226045714,"endHours":21.803192191352853,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"21:48","end":"23:27","startHours":21.803192191352853,"endHours":23.44690915665999,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"23:27","end":"01:05","startHours":23.44690915665999,"endHours":25.090626121967134,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"01:05","end":"02:44","startHours":25.090626121967134,"endHours":26.73434308727427,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"02:44","end":"04:23","startHours":26.73434308727427,"endHours":28.37806005258141,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"04:23","end":"06:01","startHours":28.37806005258141,"endHours":30.021777017888546,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:01","end":"07:01","startHours":6.021777017888548,"endHours":7.021777017888548,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:01","end":"08:01","startHours":7.021777017888548,"endHours":8.021777017888548,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:01","end":"09:01","startHours":8.021777017888548,"endHours":9.021777017888548,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:01","end":"10:01","startHours":9.021777017888548,"endHours":10.021777017888548,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:01","end":"11:01","startHours":10.021777017888548,"endHours":11.021777017888548,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:01","end":"12:01","startHours":11.021777017888548,"endHours":12.021777017888548,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:01","end":"13:01","startHours":12.021777017888548,"endHours":13.021777017888548,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:01","end":"14:01","startHours":13.021777017888548,"endHours":14.021777017888548,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:01","end":"15:01","startHours":14.021777017888548,"endHours":15.021777017888548,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:01","end":"16:01","startHours":15.021777017888548,"endHours":16.021777017888546,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:01","end":"17:01","startHours":16.021777017888546,"endHours":17.021777017888546,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:01","end":"18:01","startHours":17.021777017888546,"endHours":18.021777017888546,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:01","end":"19:01","startHours":18.021777017888546,"endHours":19.021777017888546,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:01","end":"20:01","startHours":19.021777017888546,"endHours":20.021777017888546,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:01","end":"21:01","startHours":20.021777017888546,"endHours":21.021777017888546,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:01","end":"22:01","startHours":21.021777017888546,"endHours":22.021777017888546,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:01","end":"23:01","startHours":22.021777017888546,"endHours":23.021777017888546,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:01","end":"00:01","startHours":23.021777017888546,"endHours":24.021777017888546,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:01","end":"01:01","startHours":24.021777017888546,"endHours":25.021777017888546,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:01","end":"02:01","startHours":25.021777017888546,"endHours":26.021777017888546,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:01","end":"03:01","startHours":26.021777017888546,"endHours":27.021777017888546,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:01","end":"04:01","startHours":27.021777017888546,"endHours":28.021777017888546,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:01","end":"05:01","startHours":28.021777017888546,"endHours":29.021777017888546,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:01","end":"06:01","startHours":29.021777017888546,"endHours":30.021777017888546,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Gada","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Śarad (Autumn)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-21.852296612347942,"eotMinutes":10.131050600400467,"ayanamsa":24.2569}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2085,"vikram_samvatsara":"Durmati","saka_samvat":1950,"saka_samvatsara":"Kīlaka","bengali_samvat":1435,"malayalam_era":1204,"nanakshahi_year":559,"lunar_month":"Kārtika","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Kārtika Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Kārtika","lunar_month_amanta":"Kārtika","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Vṛścika (Kārttikai)","ritu":"Śarad (Autumn)","display_summary":"Kārtika Śukla Caturdaśī · Vikram 2085 Durmati · Śaka 1950 Kīlaka"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 1, 2028 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 1, 2028 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Śukla Caturdaśī, sūryodaya 06:01, sūryāsta 16:52.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2028-12-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2028-12-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2028-12-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2028-12-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2028-12-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-09-11T10:31:05.980Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-09-11T10:31:05.980Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-09-11T10:31:05.980Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}