{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:lucknow:2023-12-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/lucknow/2023-12-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2023-12-31","date_display":"December 31, 2023 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460309.770833,"kali_year":5125,"ahargana":1871844.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":254.5823,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":122.9393,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":228.357,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.357},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":122.9393,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.9393},"yoga":{"number":2,"name":"Prīti","sum_longitude":17.5217},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":38,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2023,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460309.770833,"ahargana":1871844.2708,"kali_year":5125,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1882,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":254.88803200000007,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":120.43273199999999,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.8044},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":242.13383199999998,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":237.89133199999992,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":11.409032000000025,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":216.92783199999997,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":309.066732,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":0.6826,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":180.6826,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460309.770833,"kali_year":5125,"ahargana":1871844.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":254.5823,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":122.9393,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":228.357,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.357},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":122.9393,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.9393},"yoga":{"number":2,"name":"Prīti","sum_longitude":17.5217},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":38,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.804,"elongation":131.643},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.804,"opposition_distance":48.357}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"lucknow","name":"Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh","lat":26.8467,"lon":80.9462,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"lucknow","name":"Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh","lat":26.8467,"lon":80.9462,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:55","sunsetLocal":"17:24","solarNoonLocal":"12:09","dayLengthHours":10.473840163092731,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 28 Mins 26 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 31 Mins 34 Secs","moonriseLocal":"20:41","moonsetLocal":"09:42","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"16:05","end":"17:24","startHours":16.08554730988986,"endHours":17.394777330276455,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:09","end":"13:28","startHours":12.157857248730089,"endHours":13.467087269116679,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"14:47","end":"16:05","startHours":14.776317289503272,"endHours":16.08554730988986,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:22","end":"09:43","startHours":9.364833205238693,"endHours":9.713961210675118,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:21","end":"07:38","startHours":7.357347173979253,"endHours":7.6366495783283925,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:49","end":"12:30","startHours":11.808729243293664,"endHours":12.506985254166514,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:31","end":"06:13","startHours":5.524425145438025,"endHours":6.222681156310873,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:03","end":"06:55","startHours":6.048117153592662,"endHours":6.920937167183722,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:54","end":"14:36","startHours":13.903497275912208,"endHours":14.601753286785057,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:12","end":"17:36","startHours":17.194777330276455,"endHours":17.594777330276454,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:24","end":"17:50","startHours":17.394777330276455,"endHours":17.831187337071984,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:09","end":"18:54","startHours":17.144777330276455,"endHours":18.894777330276455,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:49","end":"00:30","startHours":23.808729243293666,"endHours":24.506985254166512,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:55","end":"08:14","startHours":6.920937167183722,"endHours":8.230167187570313,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:14","end":"09:32","startHours":8.230167187570313,"endHours":9.539397207956906,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:32","end":"10:51","startHours":9.539397207956906,"endHours":10.848627228343496,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:51","end":"12:09","startHours":10.848627228343496,"endHours":12.157857248730089,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:09","end":"13:28","startHours":12.157857248730089,"endHours":13.467087269116679,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"13:28","end":"14:47","startHours":13.467087269116679,"endHours":14.776317289503272,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"14:47","end":"16:05","startHours":14.776317289503272,"endHours":16.08554730988986,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"16:05","end":"17:24","startHours":16.08554730988986,"endHours":17.394777330276455,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"17:24","end":"19:05","startHours":17.394777330276455,"endHours":19.08554730988986,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"19:05","end":"20:47","startHours":19.08554730988986,"endHours":20.77631728950327,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"20:47","end":"22:28","startHours":20.77631728950327,"endHours":22.467087269116682,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:28","end":"00:09","startHours":22.467087269116682,"endHours":24.15785724873009,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:09","end":"01:51","startHours":24.15785724873009,"endHours":25.848627228343496,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:51","end":"03:32","startHours":25.848627228343496,"endHours":27.539397207956906,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:32","end":"05:14","startHours":27.539397207956906,"endHours":29.230167187570316,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"05:14","end":"06:55","startHours":29.230167187570316,"endHours":30.920937167183723,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:55","end":"07:55","startHours":6.920937167183722,"endHours":7.920937167183722,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:55","end":"08:55","startHours":7.920937167183722,"endHours":8.920937167183723,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:55","end":"09:55","startHours":8.920937167183723,"endHours":9.920937167183723,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:55","end":"10:55","startHours":9.920937167183723,"endHours":10.920937167183723,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:55","end":"11:55","startHours":10.920937167183723,"endHours":11.920937167183723,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:55","end":"12:55","startHours":11.920937167183723,"endHours":12.920937167183723,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:55","end":"13:55","startHours":12.920937167183723,"endHours":13.920937167183723,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:55","end":"14:55","startHours":13.920937167183723,"endHours":14.920937167183723,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:55","end":"15:55","startHours":14.920937167183723,"endHours":15.920937167183723,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:55","end":"16:55","startHours":15.920937167183723,"endHours":16.920937167183723,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:55","end":"17:55","startHours":16.920937167183723,"endHours":17.920937167183723,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:55","end":"18:55","startHours":17.920937167183723,"endHours":18.920937167183723,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:55","end":"19:55","startHours":18.920937167183723,"endHours":19.920937167183723,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:55","end":"20:55","startHours":19.920937167183723,"endHours":20.920937167183723,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:55","end":"21:55","startHours":20.920937167183723,"endHours":21.920937167183723,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:55","end":"22:55","startHours":21.920937167183723,"endHours":22.920937167183723,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:55","end":"23:55","startHours":22.920937167183723,"endHours":23.920937167183723,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:55","end":"00:55","startHours":23.920937167183723,"endHours":24.920937167183723,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:55","end":"01:55","startHours":24.920937167183723,"endHours":25.920937167183723,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:55","end":"02:55","startHours":25.920937167183723,"endHours":26.920937167183723,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:55","end":"03:55","startHours":26.920937167183723,"endHours":27.920937167183723,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:55","end":"04:55","startHours":27.920937167183723,"endHours":28.920937167183723,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:55","end":"05:55","startHours":28.920937167183723,"endHours":29.920937167183723,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:55","end":"06:55","startHours":29.920937167183723,"endHours":30.920937167183723,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"West","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mudgara","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-23.12588203171469,"eotMinutes":-3.2562349238053434,"ayanamsa":24.1882}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2080,"vikram_samvatsara":"Nala","saka_samvat":1945,"saka_samvatsara":"Śobhana","bengali_samvat":1430,"malayalam_era":1199,"nanakshahi_year":554,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_amanta":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī · Vikram 2080 Nala · Śaka 1945 Śobhana"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"lucknow"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 31, 2023 CE · Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 31, 2023 CE for Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh: Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī, sūryodaya 06:55, sūryāsta 17:24.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/lucknow/2023-12-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/lucknow/2023-12-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/lucknow/2023-12-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/lucknow/2023-12-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/lucknow/2023-12-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-09-11T13:25:56.163Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-09-11T13:25:56.163Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-09-11T13:25:56.163Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}