{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:2028-09-08:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2028-09-08","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2028-09-08","date_display":"September 8, 2028 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":9,"day":8,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2462022.770833,"kali_year":5130,"ahargana":1873557.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":140.8915,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":8.8986,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":228.0071,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.0071},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":8.8986,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.8986},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":149.7901},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":38,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2028,"month":9,"day":8,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2462022.770833,"ahargana":1873557.2708,"kali_year":5130,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2537,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":141.67028200000004,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":5.95438200000001,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.4447},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":97.48668199999997,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":168.23288200000002,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":158.71808199999998,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":97.58678199999997,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":16.800081999999975,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":269.9196,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":89.9196,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":9,"day":8,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2462022.770833,"kali_year":5130,"ahargana":1873557.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":140.8915,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":8.8986,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":228.0071,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.0071},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":8.8986,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.8986},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":149.7901},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":38,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.445,"elongation":131.993},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.445,"opposition_distance":48.007}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"06:24","sunsetLocal":"18:04","solarNoonLocal":"12:14","dayLengthHours":11.668355141325332,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 40 Mins 06 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 19 Mins 54 Secs","moonriseLocal":"21:37","moonsetLocal":"08:44","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"10:46","end":"12:14","startHours":10.768782863673184,"endHours":12.227327256338851,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"15:09","end":"16:36","startHours":15.144416041670183,"endHours":16.60296043433585,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"07:51","end":"09:19","startHours":7.851694078341852,"endHours":9.31023847100752,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:07","end":"09:30","startHours":9.115765885318762,"endHours":9.504711056696273,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:53","end":"07:11","startHours":6.879331149898074,"endHours":7.190487287000083,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:50","end":"12:37","startHours":11.83838208496134,"endHours":12.616272427716362,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:50","end":"05:37","startHours":4.837369000166142,"endHours":5.6152593429211635,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:25","end":"06:24","startHours":5.420786757232408,"endHours":6.393149685676185,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:10","end":"14:57","startHours":14.172053113226406,"endHours":14.949943455981428,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:52","end":"18:16","startHours":17.861504827001518,"endHours":18.261504827001517,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:04","end":"18:33","startHours":18.061504827001517,"endHours":18.547686291223407,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:49","end":"19:34","startHours":17.811504827001517,"endHours":19.561504827001517,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:50","end":"00:37","startHours":23.838382084961342,"endHours":24.616272427716364,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"06:24","end":"07:51","startHours":6.393149685676185,"endHours":7.851694078341852,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"07:51","end":"09:19","startHours":7.851694078341852,"endHours":9.31023847100752,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"09:19","end":"10:46","startHours":9.31023847100752,"endHours":10.768782863673184,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"10:46","end":"12:14","startHours":10.768782863673184,"endHours":12.227327256338851,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"12:14","end":"13:41","startHours":12.227327256338851,"endHours":13.685871649004518,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"13:41","end":"15:09","startHours":13.685871649004518,"endHours":15.144416041670183,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"15:09","end":"16:36","startHours":15.144416041670183,"endHours":16.60296043433585,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"16:36","end":"18:04","startHours":16.60296043433585,"endHours":18.061504827001517,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"18:04","end":"19:36","startHours":18.061504827001517,"endHours":19.602960434335852,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"19:36","end":"21:09","startHours":19.602960434335852,"endHours":21.144416041670183,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"21:09","end":"22:41","startHours":21.144416041670183,"endHours":22.68587164900452,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"22:41","end":"00:14","startHours":22.68587164900452,"endHours":24.227327256338853,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"00:14","end":"01:46","startHours":24.227327256338853,"endHours":25.768782863673184,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"01:46","end":"03:19","startHours":25.768782863673184,"endHours":27.31023847100752,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"03:19","end":"04:51","startHours":27.31023847100752,"endHours":28.85169407834185,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"04:51","end":"06:24","startHours":28.85169407834185,"endHours":30.393149685676185,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:24","end":"07:24","startHours":6.393149685676185,"endHours":7.393149685676185,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:24","end":"08:24","startHours":7.393149685676185,"endHours":8.393149685676185,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:24","end":"09:24","startHours":8.393149685676185,"endHours":9.393149685676185,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:24","end":"10:24","startHours":9.393149685676185,"endHours":10.393149685676185,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:24","end":"11:24","startHours":10.393149685676185,"endHours":11.393149685676185,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:24","end":"12:24","startHours":11.393149685676185,"endHours":12.393149685676185,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:24","end":"13:24","startHours":12.393149685676185,"endHours":13.393149685676185,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:24","end":"14:24","startHours":13.393149685676185,"endHours":14.393149685676185,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:24","end":"15:24","startHours":14.393149685676185,"endHours":15.393149685676185,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:24","end":"16:24","startHours":15.393149685676185,"endHours":16.393149685676185,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:24","end":"17:24","startHours":16.393149685676185,"endHours":17.393149685676185,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:24","end":"18:24","startHours":17.393149685676185,"endHours":18.393149685676185,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:24","end":"19:24","startHours":18.393149685676185,"endHours":19.393149685676185,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:24","end":"20:24","startHours":19.393149685676185,"endHours":20.393149685676185,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:24","end":"21:24","startHours":20.393149685676185,"endHours":21.393149685676185,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:24","end":"22:24","startHours":21.393149685676185,"endHours":22.393149685676185,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:24","end":"23:24","startHours":22.393149685676185,"endHours":23.393149685676185,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:24","end":"00:24","startHours":23.393149685676185,"endHours":24.393149685676185,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:24","end":"01:24","startHours":24.393149685676185,"endHours":25.393149685676185,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:24","end":"02:24","startHours":25.393149685676185,"endHours":26.393149685676185,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:24","end":"03:24","startHours":26.393149685676185,"endHours":27.393149685676185,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:24","end":"04:24","startHours":27.393149685676185,"endHours":28.393149685676185,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:24","end":"05:24","startHours":28.393149685676185,"endHours":29.393149685676185,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:24","end":"06:24","startHours":29.393149685676185,"endHours":30.393149685676185,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Amṛta","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":5.551022685804163,"eotMinutes":2.918364619668906,"ayanamsa":24.2537}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2085,"vikram_samvatsara":"Durmati","saka_samvat":1950,"saka_samvatsara":"Kīlaka","bengali_samvat":1435,"malayalam_era":1204,"nanakshahi_year":559,"lunar_month":"Āśvina","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āśvina Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Āśvina","lunar_month_amanta":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Siṃha (Āvaṇi)","ritu":"Śarad (Autumn)","display_summary":"Āśvina Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī · Vikram 2085 Durmati · Śaka 1950 Kīlaka"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga September 8, 2028 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"September 8, 2028 CE for Perth, Australia: Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī, sūryodaya 06:24, sūryāsta 18:04.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2028-09-08","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2028-09-08","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2028-09-08","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2028-09-08","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2028-09-08"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-09-12T06:24:06.653Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-09-12T06:24:06.653Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-09-12T06:24:06.653Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}