{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:varanasi:1997-01-05:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1997-01-05","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1997-01-05","date_display":"January 5, 1997 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":1,"day":5,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450453.770833,"kali_year":5098,"ahargana":1861988.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":260.737,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":207.3781,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":26,"name":"Ekādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī","elongation_degrees":306.641,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.641},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":207.3781,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.3781},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":108.1151},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":51,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1997,"month":1,"day":5,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450453.770833,"ahargana":1861988.2708,"kali_year":5098,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8113,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":260.92600300000004,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":205.73630300000002,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.1512},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":156.68530299999998,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":253.93720299999995,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":272.35480299999995,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":239.745003,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":337.728503,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":162.9009,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":342.9009,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":1,"day":5,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450453.770833,"kali_year":5098,"ahargana":1861988.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":260.737,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":207.3781,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":26,"name":"Ekādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī","elongation_degrees":306.641,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.641},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":207.3781,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.3781},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":108.1151},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":51,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.151,"elongation":53.359},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.151,"opposition_distance":126.641}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"varanasi","name":"Vārāṇasī (Kāśī)","lat":25.3176,"lon":82.9739,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"varanasi","name":"Vārāṇasī (Kāśī)","lat":25.3176,"lon":82.9739,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"06:45","sunsetLocal":"17:22","solarNoonLocal":"12:04","dayLengthHours":10.619614802327511,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 37 Mins 11 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 22 Mins 49 Secs","moonriseLocal":"02:55","moonsetLocal":"13:51","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"16:02","end":"17:22","startHours":16.041641727942203,"endHours":17.36909357823314,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:04","end":"13:23","startHours":12.059286177069385,"endHours":13.386738027360323,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"14:43","end":"16:02","startHours":14.714189877651263,"endHours":16.041641727942203,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:14","end":"09:35","startHours":9.227388896448716,"endHours":9.581376056526299,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:12","end":"07:29","startHours":7.191962726002609,"endHours":7.475152454064676,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:42","end":"12:25","startHours":11.705299016991802,"endHours":12.413273337146968,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:20","end":"06:02","startHours":5.333530135595295,"endHours":6.041504455750462,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:52","end":"06:45","startHours":5.86451087571167,"endHours":6.749478775905629,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:50","end":"14:32","startHours":13.829221977457305,"endHours":14.537196297612473,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:10","end":"17:34","startHours":17.16909357823314,"endHours":17.56909357823314,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:22","end":"17:49","startHours":17.36909357823314,"endHours":17.81157752833012,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:07","end":"18:52","startHours":17.11909357823314,"endHours":18.86909357823314,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:42","end":"00:25","startHours":23.705299016991802,"endHours":24.41327333714697,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:45","end":"08:05","startHours":6.749478775905629,"endHours":8.076930626196567,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:05","end":"09:24","startHours":8.076930626196567,"endHours":9.404382476487507,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:24","end":"10:44","startHours":9.404382476487507,"endHours":10.731834326778447,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:44","end":"12:04","startHours":10.731834326778447,"endHours":12.059286177069385,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:04","end":"13:23","startHours":12.059286177069385,"endHours":13.386738027360323,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"13:23","end":"14:43","startHours":13.386738027360323,"endHours":14.714189877651263,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"14:43","end":"16:02","startHours":14.714189877651263,"endHours":16.041641727942203,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"16:02","end":"17:22","startHours":16.041641727942203,"endHours":17.36909357823314,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"17:22","end":"19:02","startHours":17.36909357823314,"endHours":19.041641727942203,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"19:02","end":"20:43","startHours":19.041641727942203,"endHours":20.714189877651265,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"20:43","end":"22:23","startHours":20.714189877651265,"endHours":22.386738027360323,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:23","end":"00:04","startHours":22.386738027360323,"endHours":24.059286177069385,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:04","end":"01:44","startHours":24.059286177069385,"endHours":25.731834326778447,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:44","end":"03:24","startHours":25.731834326778447,"endHours":27.404382476487505,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:24","end":"05:05","startHours":27.404382476487505,"endHours":29.076930626196567,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"05:05","end":"06:45","startHours":29.076930626196567,"endHours":30.74947877590563,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:45","end":"07:45","startHours":6.749478775905629,"endHours":7.749478775905629,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:45","end":"08:45","startHours":7.749478775905629,"endHours":8.74947877590563,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:45","end":"09:45","startHours":8.74947877590563,"endHours":9.74947877590563,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:45","end":"10:45","startHours":9.74947877590563,"endHours":10.74947877590563,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:45","end":"11:45","startHours":10.74947877590563,"endHours":11.74947877590563,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:45","end":"12:45","startHours":11.74947877590563,"endHours":12.74947877590563,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:45","end":"13:45","startHours":12.74947877590563,"endHours":13.74947877590563,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:45","end":"14:45","startHours":13.74947877590563,"endHours":14.74947877590563,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:45","end":"15:45","startHours":14.74947877590563,"endHours":15.74947877590563,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:45","end":"16:45","startHours":15.74947877590563,"endHours":16.74947877590563,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:45","end":"17:45","startHours":16.74947877590563,"endHours":17.74947877590563,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:45","end":"18:45","startHours":17.74947877590563,"endHours":18.74947877590563,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:45","end":"19:45","startHours":18.74947877590563,"endHours":19.74947877590563,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:45","end":"20:45","startHours":19.74947877590563,"endHours":20.74947877590563,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:45","end":"21:45","startHours":20.74947877590563,"endHours":21.74947877590563,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:45","end":"22:45","startHours":21.74947877590563,"endHours":22.74947877590563,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:45","end":"23:45","startHours":22.74947877590563,"endHours":23.74947877590563,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:45","end":"00:45","startHours":23.74947877590563,"endHours":24.74947877590563,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:45","end":"01:45","startHours":24.74947877590563,"endHours":25.74947877590563,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:45","end":"02:45","startHours":25.74947877590563,"endHours":26.74947877590563,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:45","end":"03:45","startHours":26.74947877590563,"endHours":27.74947877590563,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:45","end":"04:45","startHours":27.74947877590563,"endHours":28.74947877590563,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:45","end":"05:45","startHours":28.74947877590563,"endHours":29.74947877590563,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:45","end":"06:45","startHours":29.74947877590563,"endHours":30.74947877590563,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"North","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Utpāta","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-22.62188893802933,"eotMinutes":-5.452770624163118,"ayanamsa":23.8113}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2054,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vikṛti","saka_samvat":1919,"saka_samvatsara":"Īśvara","bengali_samvat":1404,"malayalam_era":1173,"nanakshahi_year":528,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_amanta":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī · Vikram 2054 Vikṛti · Śaka 1919 Īśvara"},"festivals":[{"id":"ekadashi","name":"Ekādaśī","name_sanskrit":"एकादशी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Bhagavān Viṣṇu","significance":"Sacred to Bhagavān Viṣṇu; vrata for purification.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":11},{"tithi_number":26}]},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Dedicated festival walk for Ekādaśī is not live yet; Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"varanasi"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 5, 1997 CE · Vārāṇasī (Kāśī) · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 5, 1997 CE for Vārāṇasī (Kāśī): Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī, sūryodaya 06:45, sūryāsta 17:22.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1997-01-05","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1997-01-05","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1997-01-05","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1997-01-05","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/1997-01-05"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-09-11T14:54:03.681Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-09-11T14:54:03.681Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-09-11T14:54:03.681Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}